See ałm on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"alma",
"alma#Crimean_Tatar"
],
[
"alma",
"алма#Karaim"
],
[
"alma",
"alma#Kipchak"
],
[
"*alma",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/alma"
],
[
"alma",
"alma#Hungarian"
],
[
"almė́ti",
"almėti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"almuõ",
"almuo#Lithuanian"
],
[
"*ā́ˀbōl",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/ā́ˀbōl"
],
[
"*h₂ébōl",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ébōl"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "crh",
"3": "alma",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Crimean Tatar alma",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "kdr",
"3": "алма",
"4": "alma"
},
"expansion": "Karaim alma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "alma"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak alma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "trk-cmn-pro",
"3": "*alma",
"t": "apple"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *alma (“apple”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "alma"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian alma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Witczak:2020",
"3": "",
"p": "149"
},
"expansion": "Witczak (2020), page 149",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Helimski:2000",
"3": "",
"p": "402"
},
"expansion": "Helimski (2000), page 402",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "almė́ti",
"t": "to ooze, to leak, to fester"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian almė́ti (“to ooze, to leak, to fester”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Zinkevičius:1984",
"3": "",
"p": "9"
},
"expansion": "Zinkevičius (1984), page 9",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Zinkevičius:1985a",
"3": "",
"p": "69"
},
"expansion": "Zinkevičius (1985a), page 69",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ā́ˀbōl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbōl",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ébōl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably of Turkic origin, borrowed from Crimean Tatar alma or Karaim alma, further from Kipchak alma, from Proto-Common Turkic *alma (“apple”). Helimski suggested borrowing via Hungarian alma, but probably mediation is unnecessary, given the spread of Karaites and Lipka Tatars.\nZinkevičius tried to find a connection with Lithuanian almė́ti (“to ooze, to leak, to fester”), almuõ (“pus”), which seems to be a false path.\nOther Baltic languages retain the original word for “apple”, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbōl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "?"
},
"expansion": "ałm ?",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sudovian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "apple",
"ref": "1985 [1984], Pogańske gwary z Narewu [Pagan dialects from Narew], sourced from copy by V. Zinow, line 108:",
"text": "jabłko ‒ ałm",
"translation": "apple",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apple"
],
"id": "en-ałm-xsv-noun-OnvT4jYK",
"links": [
[
"apple",
"apple"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Crimean Karaites",
"Eugene Helimski",
"Lipka Tatars",
"Zigmas Zinkevičius"
]
}
],
"word": "ałm"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"alma",
"alma#Crimean_Tatar"
],
[
"alma",
"алма#Karaim"
],
[
"alma",
"alma#Kipchak"
],
[
"*alma",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/alma"
],
[
"alma",
"alma#Hungarian"
],
[
"almė́ti",
"almėti#Lithuanian"
],
[
"almuõ",
"almuo#Lithuanian"
],
[
"*ā́ˀbōl",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/ā́ˀbōl"
],
[
"*h₂ébōl",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂ébōl"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "trk"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "crh",
"3": "alma",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "borrowed from Crimean Tatar alma",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "kdr",
"3": "алма",
"4": "alma"
},
"expansion": "Karaim alma",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "qwm",
"3": "alma"
},
"expansion": "Kipchak alma",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "trk-cmn-pro",
"3": "*alma",
"t": "apple"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Common Turkic *alma (“apple”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "alma"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian alma",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Witczak:2020",
"3": "",
"p": "149"
},
"expansion": "Witczak (2020), page 149",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Helimski:2000",
"3": "",
"p": "402"
},
"expansion": "Helimski (2000), page 402",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "almė́ti",
"t": "to ooze, to leak, to fester"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian almė́ti (“to ooze, to leak, to fester”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Zinkevičius:1984",
"3": "",
"p": "9"
},
"expansion": "Zinkevičius (1984), page 9",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "Zinkevičius:1985a",
"3": "",
"p": "69"
},
"expansion": "Zinkevičius (1985a), page 69",
"name": "R"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat"
},
"expansion": "Baltic",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ā́ˀbōl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbōl",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ébōl"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably of Turkic origin, borrowed from Crimean Tatar alma or Karaim alma, further from Kipchak alma, from Proto-Common Turkic *alma (“apple”). Helimski suggested borrowing via Hungarian alma, but probably mediation is unnecessary, given the spread of Karaites and Lipka Tatars.\nZinkevičius tried to find a connection with Lithuanian almė́ti (“to ooze, to leak, to fester”), almuõ (“pus”), which seems to be a false path.\nOther Baltic languages retain the original word for “apple”, inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ā́ˀbōl, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "?"
},
"expansion": "ałm ?",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for gender in Sudovian entries",
"Sudovian entries with incorrect language header",
"Sudovian lemmas",
"Sudovian nouns",
"Sudovian terms borrowed from Crimean Tatar",
"Sudovian terms borrowed from Karaim",
"Sudovian terms derived from Crimean Tatar",
"Sudovian terms derived from Karaim",
"Sudovian terms derived from Kipchak",
"Sudovian terms derived from Proto-Common Turkic",
"Sudovian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Sudovian terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
5
]
],
"english": "apple",
"ref": "1985 [1984], Pogańske gwary z Narewu [Pagan dialects from Narew], sourced from copy by V. Zinow, line 108:",
"text": "jabłko ‒ ałm",
"translation": "apple",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"apple"
],
"links": [
[
"apple",
"apple"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Crimean Karaites",
"Eugene Helimski",
"Lipka Tatars",
"Zigmas Zinkevičius"
]
}
],
"word": "ałm"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ałm meaning in All languages combined (3.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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